Eutrophication is a process whereby a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, particularly phosphates and nitrates, causing an excessive growth of algae. The algae die and decompose, creating high levels of organic matter and depleting the water of available oxygen. It can be caused naturally, as aquatic ecosystems are not static, or human generated, through inorganic plant runoff from agricultural activities.

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About Eutrophication – World Resources Institute